The Loudoun County Circuit Court has jurisdiction over civil claims exceeding $25,000, civil cases such as divorce proceedings, property disputes, and controversies involving wills, trusts and estate matters, and criminal cases originating from grand jury indictments for felonies and misdemeanors.

The Circuit Court has concurrent jurisdiction with the General District Court over civil claims exceeding $4,500, but not exceeding $25,000. The Circuit Court also has appellate jurisdiction over appeals from the General District Court and the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court.