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Health Department - Private Water Wells in Limestone Geology Regions

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1. How can I tell if my well has been affected by surface activity?

There is no 100% way to know that your well has been affected by surface activity. Noticeable changes to your water, such as sediment or change in clarity after heavy rainfall may indicate that your well is affected directly by surface activity. There are also several “invisible” chemicals that can indicate effects from surface activity such as bacteria and nitrates. You should test your well water after rain events if you have concerns regarding effects from surface activity.

2. If I suspect my well is affected by surface activity what should I do?

You should test your well periodically for bacteria. The Loudoun County Health Department recommends at least once a year. If affected, you may need to install continuous disinfection that would kill bacteria.

3. Should I have my well water tested for other things besides bacteria?

This is highly recommended if your well water has never been tested for other contaminants. Since nitrates are used in lawn fertilizer and they are highly soluble in water, presence of nitrates is a good indicator that your well may be affected by surface activity.

4. What activities should I do to protect my well?

Follow directions on any package of chemicals you are applying on your lawn, dispose all your wastes properly, and make sure your well cap is on and secured.

5. Can I have animals on my property?

Yes, it is permissible to have animals on properties with private water wells. However, you should not keep livestock and household pets near your well.

6. How do I know if my well is in a limestone geology area?

The Loudoun County Office of Mapping and Geographic Information has a Loudoun County Limestone Map showing the extent of the limestone area. By finding your property on this map, you can determine if it is underlain by limestone. You can also view the map at the County Government Center located at:
1 Harrison St. SE
Leesburg, VA 20175

7. Can I fill in a sinkhole on my property?

View the sinkhole repair webpage for information.